关于恶意诉讼问题的研究

摘  要

民事恶意诉讼是现代法治社会的产物,它是法治秩序与司法公正的消释能量。为了维护公民合法的权益,维护公众对法律公平正义的信仰,维护司法秩序和司法权威性,理论界、实务界均应重视对民事恶意诉讼这股逆流进行深入研究,完善立法,对民事恶意诉讼这颗毒瘤进行防范和规制。本论文以民事诉讼中的恶意诉讼行为为中心，将首先界定恶意诉讼的概念及性质;接着介绍我国民事诉讼中恶意诉讼的现状，以恶意诉讼构成要件、恶意诉讼立法规制、恶意诉讼司法规制、恶意诉讼处罚标准等方面为重点，分析我国民事恶意诉讼制度的不足及其原因;然后选取两大法系里经济发达的、有代表性的若干国家作为考察对象，通过有选择的研究他们在恶意诉讼相关制度方面的特点以及其在保护当事人诉权方面的具体做法;最后，有针对性提出完善我国民事诉讼制度的指导思想和具体建议。

关键词：恶意诉讼；现状；两大法系；建议

Abstract

Malicious civil action is a by-product of the modern rule of law, it is the rule of law and order, and justice power of digestion. In order to protect citizens' legitimate rights and interests, maintenance of legal fairness and justice of public faith, order and judicial authority to maintain the justice, theory, practice shall be pay attention to the study of malicious civil action of the cross currents, to perfect the legislation of civil malicious litigation the star in cancer prevention and regulation. This paper to malicious litigation in civil procedure as the center. First of all, the definition of the concept and nature of malicious litigation; then introduce our civil malicious litigation status, to malicious litigation elements, malicious litigation legislation, Malicious litigation judicial regulation, malicious prosecution punishment standards focus on analysis civil malicious litigation system in our country and the reasons for the lack of; and then select two legal systems in the developed economies, representative of several countries as the object of study, through a selection of them in terms of malicious litigation system characteristics and its protection of litigious right in practice; finally, there is puts forward the perfect and concrete proposals of the guiding ideology of the system of civil litigation in our country.

Key words: malicious litigation; present situation; the two legal systems; 

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目录

摘要...............................................................I

Abstract .........................................................II

前言...............................................................1

一、 恶意诉讼概述.................................................1

（一）恶意诉讼的概念.............................................1

（二）恶意诉讼的类型.............................................2

1.原被告相互串通型.................................................2

2.单方欺诈型.................. ..................................2

       3.非法利用程序型..............................................2

   4.恶意代理获利型..............................................2 

    （三）恶意诉讼的危害.............................................3

1.浪费司法资源，降低司法效率....................................3

2.破坏了法律的权威性和公正性....................................3

3.侵害他人的合法权益...........................................3

4.不利于社会的和谐稳定 .........................................4

二、 恶意诉讼形成的原因..........................................4

（一）社会经济体制的影响.........................................4

（二）法律规制不健全.............................................4

（三）缺乏完善有效的监督机制.....................................5

（四）诉讼参与人的素质普遍降低...................................5

（五）处罚标准不完善.............................................5 

三、 主要法治国家关于恶意诉讼的法律规制.......................5

（一）英美法系国家关于恶意诉讼的法律规制.........................5

        1.英国......................................................6

 2.美国.......................................................6

（二）大陆法系国家关于恶意诉讼的法律规制........................6

1.法国......................................................6

2.德国......................................................6

3.葡萄牙....................................................7

（三）日本关于恶意诉讼的法律规制.................................7

四、 关于我国恶意诉讼问题的几点建议............................8

（一）我国关于恶意诉讼法律规制的完善...........................8

1.在民事责任的承担上........................................8

2.在刑事责任追究方面........................................8

        3.建立政法部门防范、打击虚假诉讼的联动机制..................9

    （二）审判实务中对恶意、虚假诉讼的防范.........................9

1.案件受理与起诉状送达阶段..................................9

2.审理阶段.................................................10

3.提高审判人员的综合素质...................................10

4.加强信息沟通 ............................................10

五、 结束语......................................................10

参考文献.........................................................12

致谢..............................................................13