收养制度的缺陷及完善探讨

摘要

收养是一项法律制度，是一种法律关系，更是一种法律行为，一种民法上的身份行为。通过这种特殊的身份行为，原本无父母子女关系的主体之间建立了父母子女关系，无父母者能享受家庭的温馨，无子女者能延续家庭的香火，收养之功效善莫大焉。

关键词：收养，不完全收养，收养效力

目录

摘要····················································I

一、收养制度概述········································6

（一）、收养制度的发展································6

（二）收养的概念及特征·······························6

1、收养是依法进的································7

2、收养一般发生在没有直系血亲关系的自然人之间

3、收养形成的是一种法律拟制血亲关系

二、我国收养制度的要点··································7

（一）收养成立的实质要件····························7

1、收养人········································7

2、送养人········································7

3、被收养人······································8

（二）收养成立的形式要件····························8

（三）收养的效力····································8

三、收养制度实际运行中存在的主要问题····················8

（一）　关于收养当事人范围方面存在的缺陷···········8

1、成年人能否作为被收养的对象在我国现行《收养法》

中未作规定·····································9

2、收养人无子女及收养一名的限制条件不符合儿童利益

最大化的现代收养立法旨 ·································9

（二）、关于收养的法定程序方面存在的缺陷 ···········9

1、审查内容流于形式····························9

2、缺乏收养成立前的试养期规定··················9

3、欠缺收养关系建立后的法律监督机制············10

4、侧重被收养人利益的保护，但忽视对收养人利益的保护······················································10

四、完善收养制度的思考··································10

（一）放宽收养条件··································10

（二）设立不完全收养制度·····························11

（三）建立对收养人履行职责的监督机制·················11

（四）建立收养无效和撤销制度·························11

参考文献················································12

致谢····················································13