违约责任和侵权

摘  要

在我国民法中，违约责任与侵权责任一直是理论界争议较大的问题，并且随着社会各领域的快速发展，责任竞合现象频发，所以在司法实务界，关于这一问题的争论也愈加突出。为了最大限度保护受害人的权益又避免使侵害人承担双份责任，本文查阅了相关文献资料，对责任竞合的实体法理论以及诉讼法理论之间采取了比较分析的方法，比较两种不同理论的视角。最终认为可以把一些特定的典型合同纳入合同法和侵权责任法的保护范畴，对其加以限定，禁止竞合，扩大合同法和侵权责任法的保护范围。适当允许竞合，不仅节约诉讼成本，也能最大程度保护当事人的合法权益。

关键词：违约责任；侵权责任；竞合

Abstract

In China's civil law, liability for breach of contract and liability for tort have always been controversial issues in the theoretical circle, and with the rapid development of various social fields, the phenomenon of concurrence of liability is frequent, so in judicial practice, the debate on this issue has also become more prominent. In order to protect the rights and interests of the victims to the maximum extent and avoid double liability of the infringers, this paper has consulted relevant literature, and has adopted a comparative analysis method between the substantive law theory of concurrence of liability and the procedural law theory, a comparison of two different theoretical perspectives. Finally, we think that some specific typical contracts can be brought into the protection category of contract law and Tort Law, which should be limited, and the scope of protection of contract law and tort law should be expanded. Allowing concurrence properly can not only save the cost of litigation, but also protect the legal rights and interests of the parties to the greatest extent.

Keywords: Liability for breach of contract; Tort Liability; Concurrence

目  录

1违约责任和侵权责任竞合概述1

1.1责任竞合1

1.2违约责任的界定1

1.3侵权责任的界定1

1.4违约责任与侵权责任竞合的原因1

2违约责任与侵权责任竞合的立法与学说2

2.1违约责任与侵权责任竞合的不同立法模式2

2.1.1禁止竞合2

2.2.2限制竞合2

2.2.3允许竞合2

2.2.违约责任与侵权责任竞合的理论学说3

2.2.1法条竞合说3

2.2.2请求权竞合说3

3违约责任与侵权责任竞合存在的问题3

3.1导致诉讼利益的巨大差别、显失公平3

3.2导致诉讼程序混乱、降低效率4

4我国违约责任与侵权责任竞合问题的解决方案4

4.1允许当事人同时行使两种请求权4

4.2明确法官释明权行使的条件5

4.3引入诉的预备性合并制度5

结语6

参考文献7

致  谢8